System Design And Motion Artifact Removal Algorithm Implementation For Ambulatory Women Ecg Measurement System:e-Bra System

Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) leads to sudden cardiac death due to irregular phenomenon of the cardiac signal by the abnormal case of blood vessel and cardiac structure. For last three decades, there is an enhanced interest in research for cardiac diseases.. As a result, the death rate by cardiac disease in men has been falling gradually compared with relatively increasing the death rate for women due to CVD. The main reason for this phenomenon is due to the lack of seriousness to female CVD and different symptoms of female CVD compared with the symptoms of male CVD. Usually, because the CVDs for women accompany with ordinary symptoms not attributable to the heart abnormality signal such as unusual fatigue, sleep disturbances, shortness of breath, anxiety, chest discomfort, and indigestion dyspepsia, most women CVD patients do not realize that these symptoms are actually related to the CVD symptoms. Therefore, periodic ECG signal observation is required not only for women who have been diagnosed with heart disease but also for persons who want to examine their heart activity. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to diagnose abnormality of heart. Among the medical checkup methods for CVDs, it is very an effective method for the diagnosis of cardiac disease and the early detection of heart abnormality to monitor ECG periodically. This dissertation proposes an effective ECG monitoring system for woman by attaching the system on woman\u27s brassiere by using augmented chest lead attachment method. The suggested system called E-Bra system in this dissertation consists of an ECG transmission system and a computer installed program called E-Bra pro in order to display and analyze the ECG transmitted from the transmission module. The ECG transmission module consists of three parts such as ECG physical signal detection part with 3 stage amplifier and two electrodes, data acquisition with AD converter, and data transmission part with GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) communication, and it has very compact size that is attachable at the bottom layer of a brassiere for women. However, the ECG signal measured from the transmission module includes not only pure ECG components information; P waves QRS complex, and T wave, but also a motion artifact component (MA) due to subject movements. The MA component is one of the reasons for misdiagnosis. Therefore, the main purpose of the E-Bra system is to provide a reliable ECG data set identical to the quality of an ECG data set collected in hospital. Unfortunately, removing MA is a big challenge because the frequency range of the MA is duplicated on the frequency range of the pure ECG components, P-QRS-T. In this dissertation, two motion artifact removal algorithms (MARAs) with adaptive filter structure and independent component analysis concept are suggested, and the performance of the two MARAs will be evaluated by correlation values and signal noise ratio (SNR) values

RF SSSL by an Autonomous UAV with Two-Ray Channel Model and Dipole Antenna Patterns

Advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have led to their increased utilization in various commercial and military applications. One such application is signal source search and localization (SSSL) using UAVs, which offers significant benefits over traditional ground-based methods due to improved RF signal reception at higher altitudes and inherent autonomous 3D navigation capabilities. Nevertheless, practical considerations such as propagation models and antenna patterns are frequently neglected in simulation-based studies in the literature. In this work, we address these limitations by using a two-ray channel model and a dipole antenna pattern to develop a simulator that more closely represents real-world radio signal strength (RSS) observations at a UAV. We then examine and compare the performance of previously proposed linear least square (LLS) based localization techniques using UAVs for SSSL. Localization of radio frequency (RF) signal sources is assessed based on two main criteria: 1) achieving the highest possible accuracy and 2) localizing the target as quickly as possible with reasonable accuracy. Various mission types, such as those requiring precise localization like identifying hostile troops, and those demanding rapid localization like search and rescue operations during disasters, have been previously investigated. In this paper, the efficacy of the proposed localization approaches is examined based on these two main localization requirements through computer simulations.Comment: 7 Pages, submitted to 2023 PIMR

Impact of 3D Antenna Radiation Pattern in UAV Air-to-Ground Path Loss Modeling and RSRP-based Localization in Rural Area

Ensuring reliable and seamless wireless connectivity for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has emerged as a critical requirement for a wide range of applications. The increasing deployment of UAVs has increased the significance of cellular-connected UAVs (C-UAVs) in enabling beyond-visual line of sight (BVLOS) communications. To ensure the successful operation of C-UAVs within existing terrestrial networks, it is vital to understand the distinctive characteristics associated with air-to-ground signal propagation. In this paper, we investigate the impact of 3D antenna patterns on a UAV air-to-ground path loss model, utilizing datasets obtained from a measurement campaign. We conducted UAV experiments in a rural area at various fixed heights, while also characterizing the 3D antenna radiation pattern by using an anechoic chamber facility. By analyzing reference signal received power (RSRP) using path loss models that account for antenna patterns, we observed that our measurement results, obtained at different UAV heights, aligned well with the two-ray path loss model when incorporating the measured antenna pattern. we propose an RSRP-based localization algorithm at a UAV that takes into account antenna patterns in both offline and online scenarios. Through our experimentation dataset, we show that incorporating measured antenna patterns significantly enhances the source localization accuracy

Algorithm-Hardware Co-Optimization for Cost-Efficient ML-based ISP Accelerator

In this paper, we present an advanced algorithm-hardware co-optimization method for designing an efficient accelerator architecture for image signal processing (ISP) with deep neural networks (DNNs). Based on the systolic-array structure, for performing the target network model, we newly introduce two evaluation metrics, each of which is dedicated to fairly representing either the processing speed or the energy consumption. Then, the overall evaluation metric is defined to test each systolic array, finding the initial array configuration for the given number of total multipliers. From the initial array, several array-scaling methods are then presented to find the most cost-efficient array structure. In addition, the original ML model is adjusted to further enhance the overall efficiency with subtle quality drops of image outputs. Implementation results in 28nm CMOS technology show that the proposed co-optimization method successfully finds the cost-efficient systolic accelerator architecture for ISP applications, improving the energy efficiency by 51% compared to the straightforward array design.1

비정형 축구경기 영상의 실시간 분석을 위한 최적화 방법

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Fast Estimation of NTT/INTT Accelerator Costs for RNS-Based Homomorphic Encryption

This paper proposes a hardware estimator for accelerating number theoretic transform (NTT) for fast polynomial operations in the ring learning with error (RLWE) based homomorphic encryption (HE). By modifying the number of unit processing elements, modulus bit-width, and residue number system (RNS) parameters, we present a systematic way for rapidly calculating the hardware complexity without realizing the target accelerator. Compared with the actual synthesis results in 28nm CMOS technology, experimental results show that the proposed work successfully estimates the NTT accelerator area even under the large-valued parameters with acceptable errors, greatly relaxing the overheads for the design space exploration. Homomorphic encryption, residue number system, hardware accelerator2

Achieving Low-Voltage Operation of Intrinsically-Stretchable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

A minimum operating voltage of intrinsically-stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (ISOLEDs) is always required for practical applications. However, the lack of protocols for the lamination complicates the task of attaining a reliable ISOLED without inducing degradation. Here, a solvent-vapor-assisted lamination (SVAL) method to reinforce the cathode interface is presented; this process lowers the operation voltage and increases the stretchability of ISOLEDs. Achieving a uniform contact and strong adhesion at the interface is the key to attaining reliable lamination. A cold-pressing (CP) treatment is applied first to reduce the surface roughness of silver nanowires before the surface embedding process. A subsequent solvent vapor treatment before the lamination partially solvated the surface of the active layer with an increase in the segmental motion of polymer chains, which substantially increases the interfacial adhesion after lamination. The combination of CP and SVAL treatments considerably reduces threshold voltage V-th (i.e., voltage at which current shows an abrupt increase for light-emission) from 6.7 to 2.7 V. The ISOLED also exhibts excellent mechanical stretchability, with no significant change in luminance under 30% strain. This study can assist in the development of practical applications of intrinsically-stretchable optoelectronic devices.N

Pratyush Rai e-Nanoflex Sensor System: Smartphone-Based Roaming Health Monitor

The growing need and market demand for point of care (POC

A p-n fusion strategy to design bipolar organic materials for high-energy-density symmetric batteries

Development of a symmetric battery, which employs the same material as both anode and cathode, would significantly simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the production cost, and thus is regarded as a promising alternative approach. Nevertheless, (i) the difficulty in finding suitable bipolar-type active materials and (ii) the low voltage (typically lower than 2 V) from the reported bipolar materials have been the hurdles in its practical realization. Herein, we report a new molecular-level strategy of fusing appropriate p-type and n-type redox materials to develop bipolar-type materials. The inherent potential of each redox reaction in the fused structure is effectively shifted/separated due to the strong mutual electronic perturbation between two motifs, leading to higher voltages achievable in symmetric batteries. We showcase that newly designed PNZTA, a fusion of the phenazine and thianthrene redox centers, successfully manifests the bipolar redox activity and delivers a high discharge voltage of 2.33 V in a symmetric cell, one of the highest values reported thus far. This simple approach of fusion provides a new perspective in the design of high energy density bipolar redox materials and can be applied to a variety of combinations among p-type and n-type organic molecules in exploring high-energy-density symmetric battery chemistry.

Biological Redox Mediation in Electron Transport Chain of Bacteria for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

Governing the fundamental reaction in lithium-oxygen batteries is vital to realizing their potentially high energy density. Here, novel oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts capable of mediating the lithium and oxygen reaction within a solution-driven discharge, which promotes the solution-phase formation of lithium peroxide (Li2O2), are reported, thus enhancing the discharge capacity. The new catalysts are derived from mimicking the biological redox mediation in the electron transport chain in Escherichia coli, where vitamin K2 mediates the oxidation of flavin mononucleotide and the reduction of cytochrome b in the cell membrane. The redox potential of vitamin K2 is demonstrated to coincide with the suitable ORR potential range of lithium-oxygen batteries in aprotic solvent, thereby enabling its successful functioning as a redox mediator (RM) triggering the solution-based discharge. The use of vitamin K2 prevents the growth of film-like Li2O2 even in an ether-based electrolyte, which has been reported to induce surface-driven discharge and early passivation of the electrode, thus boosting the discharge capacity by approximate to 30 times. The similarity of the redox mediation in the biological cell and lithium-oxygen "cell" inspires the exploration of redox active bio-organic compounds for potential high-performance RMs toward achieving high specific energies for lithium-oxygen batteries.